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Bactericides, Fungicides, antifouling

What is the principle of anti-mildew agent


At present, anti-fungal agents are often used in industry. It is the most direct anti-mold method. As long as it is treated with effective anti-mold agents, mildew will not occur even in a humid environment, no matter it is sprayed or added to raw materials. Or impregnation can achieve a good anti-mildew effect. So, what is the principle of anti-mold agent?

(一) Destruction of cell structure
1. Damage to the cell wall: Antibacterial substances can competitively inhibit the enzyme reaction that synthesizes the constituents of the cell wall, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of microbial cell walls. (penicillin, cephalosporin, quaternary ammonium salt, lysozyme cut peptidoglycan, aldehyde and amino reaction).
2. Destroy the cell membrane: destroy the connection between lipid molecules and proteins in the cell membrane, and destroy the molecular structure of phospholipids; destroy the permeability of the cell membrane by changing the surface charge properties of the cell membrane; inhibit the synthesis of various components of phospholipids, inhibit Synthesis of cell membranes.
3. Destruction of protein structure: Antibacterial substances can denature and inactivate enzymes, interact with thiol and amino groups of proteins, destroy the three-dimensional conformation of enzyme proteins, and even decompose some proteins, destroying the lipophilic bonds between protein chains.

(二) Affect metabolism
1. Inhibition of enzyme activity:
(1) Destroy the three-dimensional configuration of the enzyme to denature and inactivate the enzyme: when the anti-mold substance destroys the spatial configuration of the enzyme protein, it will inevitably dismantle its activity center and make the enzyme lose its activity;
(2) Inhibition of enzyme activity: The antifungal agent can interact with the active groups -SH, -OH, etc. of the amino acid residues in the activity center of the enzyme to change the chemical properties of these active groups without changing the spatial configuration, but the enzyme activity decline, or even loss;
(3) Chelate with enzyme activators (metal ions) to inhibit enzyme activity: antifungal substances can interfere with the utilization of metals in cells, thereby inhibiting enzyme activity, binding metals in a certain space, and making microorganisms unable to use them; Enters microbial cells and binds metals in cells.

2. Inhibition of respiration: Anti-mold substances can inhibit the dehydrogenation of substrates, inhibit some enzymes related to respiration, and inhibit the transfer of electrons.

(三) Destroying the structure of nucleic acid and affecting the reproduction of microorganisms
1. Mutations: Antifungal agents can cause chromosome breakage and recombination; use some nucleotide base analogs to make microbial cells synthesize DNA by mistake, replacing normal nucleotides, resulting in chromosomal aberrations; and The reaction of the amino group or hydroxyl group of the DNA base causes the change of the base sequence during DNA replication, thereby causing the structural change of the synthesized protein and the inactivation of the enzyme.
2. Inhibit chromosome division and affect mitosis:
(1) It can react with the main substance DNA in the chromosome, so that the chromosome cannot be separated during mitosis;
(2) It hinders the formation of the spindle during mitosis, so that the nuclear material of the daughter cell cannot be pulled to the new cell.

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